Xylitol is a sugar substitute used in sugar-free candy and gum, baked goods, nut butters, protein bars and powders, syrups, some medications, vitamins, supplements, cosmetics, deodorant, skin gels, sunscreen, hair care products and oral hygiene products.
Xylitol is popular as an alternative sweetener because it has the same level of sweetness as table sugar but with 40% fewer calories.
Xylitol is extremely toxic to dogs, causing low blood sugar, seizures, and in severe cases, liver failure. Dogs that ingest doses of >0.1 g/kg of xylitol are at risk for developing hypoglycemia, while dogs that ingest >0.5 g/kg may develop acute liver failure.
Treatment
Treatment includes dextrose supplementation for hypoglycemia and aggressive monitoring, treatment, and supportive care for dogs experiencing liver toxicosis.
Ideally, the patient can be seen quickly (within 30 minutes) and can be made to vomit the product containing xylitol. Depending on the dose ingested, a dextrose IV drip and blood glucose monitoring are usually required for 24 hours. Liver enzyme and blood clotting tests are monitored for two to three days. Liver supplements will also be started to support the liver and may be given for up to 30 days.
The prognosis for dogs with uncomplicated hypoglycemia is good, whereas the prognosis for dogs that develop severe hepatotoxicosis is guarded to poor.
Seek immediate veterinary attention if your dog ingests anything containing xylitol.
If your dog ingested a xylitol-containing product I suggest you call poison control on your way to bringing your dog to your vet. This number is (888) 426-4435 for the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.